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Comparison of the visible manuscript page (top) and the X-ray fluorescence image (bottom) of the Syriac Galen Palimpsest.  The horizontal text in pale red (bottom image) is the original Galen text.
How the same technique helped reveal both a 6th century medical text and an ancient bird feather’s pigment.
In the Arctic, sea ice extent today is less than half of what it was in 1984. Photo is courtesy of the Alfred Wegener Institute.
Embedded in sea ice for a year, a shipborne observatory will take a rare look at conditions in the rapidly evolving central Arctic.